Man gripping his prostate area while wondering about foods to avoid with enlarged prostate

7 Foods To Avoid With Enlarged Prostate

Medically reviewed on December 19, 2023 by Jillian Foglesong Stabile, MD, FAAFP. To give you technically accurate, evidence-based information, content published on the Everlywell blog is reviewed by credentialed professionals with expertise in medical and bioscience fields.

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Maintaining a healthy diet is crucial to supporting your overall health, and it’s even more important if you’re faced with a medical condition that impairs day-to-day comfort. Such is the case with an enlarged prostate, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The condition is fairly common in men and can impede urination. According to one study, benign prostatic hyperplasia was prevalent in 50 to 60% of males in their sixties and 80 to 90% of males over the age of 70.[1]

So, what can you do to ease benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms and increase your quality of life as you age? Eradicating certain types of foods may help to support your prostate health. Let’s dig in.

Signs You May Have Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia comprises a variety of conditions, including bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).[1] However, it’s primarily characterized by the growth of a benign (non-cancerous) tumor on the prostate gland, likely linked to hormonal changes in testosterone and estrogen.[2]

But let’s rewind: The primary function of the prostate (a male sex organ) is to produce seminal fluid, which mixes with sperm to create semen. The prostate is located below the bladder, surrounding the urethra—a tube that carries urine from the bladder and out of the body through the penis. A growth on the prostate, accordingly, can pinch the urethra and obstruct the flow of urine.[2]

As such, it’s very common for men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) with an enlarged prostate to experience [2]:

  • Difficulty starting to urinate
  • Weak urine stream
  • Interruptions of the urine stream
  • Dribbling at the end of urination

The growth can also put pressure on the bladder, which can cause [2]:

  • A sudden and strong urge to urinate
  • Frequent urination (many times during the night)
  • A feeling that the bladder is not completely emptied
  • Incontinence
  • Pain during urination

How to Manage An Enlarged Prostate

Treatment is only necessary if symptoms become severe. Fortunately, prostate enlargement does not increase one’s risk of developing prostate cancer.[3] If patients do seek treatment, a healthcare provider may prescribe medication to decrease the size of the prostate and recommend lifestyle changes, such as [3]:

  • Exercising regularly
  • Limiting drinking liquids in the evening
  • Adjusting diet

For the latter, we have some foresight. The following list includes foods to avoid with enlarged prostate to ease symptoms and support your overall quality of life.

1. Alcohol

Studies have found that alcoholic drinks may have an adverse effect on prostate health. For one, alcohol is an inflammatory and diuretic, meaning it increases urination. Thus, consuming large amounts of alcohol can exacerbate symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia, such as a need to urinate frequently and an inability to maintain a strong stream. It may also increase one’s chance of developing prostate cancer.[4]

To limit your alcohol intake, consider replacing a can of beer with sparkling water, non-caffeinated tea, or non-alcoholic wine.

Alternatively, one research analysis found that those looking to prevent prostate enlargement may actually benefit from drinking more alcohol. In the research, 14 out of 19 studies concluded that men who increase their alcohol intake may also decrease their risk of developing benign prostatic hyperplasia or lower urinary tract symptoms by 35%.[5,6]

2. Artificial Sweeteners

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permits eight types of artificial sweeteners [7]:

  • Acesulfame potassium (Sweet One®, Sunett®)
  • Advantame
  • Aspartame (NutraSweet™, Equal®)
  • Neotame (Newtame)
  • Saccharin (Sweet'N Low)
  • Sucralose (Splenda)
  • Luo han guo (Monk Fruit in the Raw)
  • Purified stevia leaf extracts (Truvia®, PureVia®)

Low-calorie artificial sweeteners can limit the development of certain conditions linked to sugar intake, such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. However, they may also aggravate the bladder, worsening benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms. Additionally, artificial sweeteners may increase your risk of developing bladder cancer.[7]

3. Red And Processed Meat

The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), which studied 18,800 patients over the age of 50, identified a strong correlation between a high consumption of fats and red meat or low consumption of proteins and vegetables and an increased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. It was also found that eating a diet high in zinc, vitamin D, and lycopene may lower the risk of developing an enlarged prostate.[8]

Additionally, the study attests that a Mediterranean diet filled with vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, and sources of long-chain fats, like fish, can improve benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms. [8] Further, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that meats like beef, pork, sausage, lunch meats, and hot dogs may increase prostate cancer risk.[9]

Rather than reaching for these red meats, get your daily protein intake with:

  • Beans and legumes
  • Nuts
  • Turkey or chicken
  • Fish

Several studies found that increasing the consumption of lean protein (namely, fish) may lower the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia.[10]

4. High-Fat Dairy

Cutting out dairy products like butter, milk, and cheese may help cut back on symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

More specifically, the Journal of Nutrition observed that drinking whole milk can lead to fatal prostate cancer, while skim and low-fat milk may increase low-grade stages of prostate cancer.[11]

5. Saturated Fat

A diet high in saturated fat has been linked to various health issues, and for individuals dealing with an enlarged prostate, it may worsen their symptoms.[4]

Saturated fats are commonly found in:

  • Red meat
  • Full-fat dairy products
  • Certain processed foods

Instead of indulging in fatty cuts of meat or whole-fat dairy, opt for leaner protein sources and low-fat dairy alternatives to support your prostate health.

6. Sodium

Excessive sodium intake is known to contribute to increased blood pressure and fluid retention, and it can also play an indirect role in aggravating symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate.[12]

High sodium levels can lead to water retention, potentially exacerbating the issues of frequent urination and bladder discomfort. To mitigate the impact of sodium on benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, consider reducing your intake of processed food, canned soups, and salty snacks. Opting for fresh, whole foods and cooking at home allows for better control over your sodium intake.

7. Caffeine

While a morning cup of coffee is a ritual for many, individuals with an enlarged prostate may want to reconsider their caffeine consumption. Caffeine is a natural diuretic, meaning it can increase urine production and potentially worsen symptoms like urgency and frequency of urination associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.[13,14]

Exploring caffeine-free alternatives can still provide the comforting warmth of a morning beverage without the potential drawbacks associated with caffeine.

You might also consider limiting the intake of caffeinated beverages, such as coffee, tea, and certain sodas, especially in the evening, as it may contribute to better management of your urinary symptoms.

Foods To Eat With Enlarged Prostate

Improving prostate health through dietary choices is a proactive approach for those dealing with enlarged prostate symptoms. While certain foods may exacerbate symptoms, others can contribute positively to managing the condition and improving overall well-being.

1. Fatty Fish

Incorporating fatty fish into your diet can be a savory strategy for supporting prostate health. Fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, trout, and sardines, have been associated with a lower risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.[15]

Omega-3s are also known for their anti-inflammatory properties, potentially reducing inflammation in the prostate gland.[16] Grilled or baked fish can be delightful alternatives to red meat, offering a tasty way to benefit your prostate.

2. Tomatoes

Tomatoes and tomato-based products contain a powerful antioxidant called lycopene, which has been linked to a lower risk of prostate enlargement. Lycopene is thought to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation, providing potential relief for those managing benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms.[17]

Consider incorporating cooked tomatoes, tomato sauce, or even a refreshing tomato salad into your meals for a flavorful boost to your healthy diet, with your prostate in mind.

3. Green Tea

Swap out your regular cup of coffee for green tea to introduce a prostate-friendly beverage into your routine. Green tea is rich in antioxidants, particularly catechins, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. Some studies suggest that regular consumption of green tea may contribute to a reduced risk of developing benign prostatic hyperplasia.[18]

Enjoying a cup of green tea as part of your daily routine can be a simple and enjoyable way to support your prostate health.

4. Cruciferous Vegetables

Vegetables from the cruciferous family, such as broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts, can offer a nutritional boost for prostate health. Additionally, these vegetables contain compounds like sulforaphane, which are known for their potential anti-cancer properties.[19]

While more research is needed to establish a direct link, incorporating cruciferous vegetables into your diet can contribute to overall well-being and may have positive effects on prostate health.

5. Berries

Berries, such as blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries, are not only delicious but also packed with antioxidants. These antioxidants may play a role in reducing inflammation and supporting prostate health.[20]

Including a variety of berries in your diet as snacks, toppings, or smoothies can add a sweet and nutritious touch to your efforts in managing an enlarged prostate.

Manage Your BPH Symptoms With Everlywell

By making thoughtful dietary choices, individuals can complement medical management and contribute to an overall healthier lifestyle while addressing the challenges posed by benign prostatic hyperplasia. As with any dietary changes, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice tailored to individual health needs.

If you need a guiding hand, schedule a convenient men’s health online appointment with an Everlywell healthcare provider to discuss your symptoms and learn how to customize your diet, all from the comfort and privacy of your own home.

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References

  1. Ng M, et al. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. StatPearls. Published August 8, 2022. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  2. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Johns Hopkins Medicine. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  3. Benign prostate enlargement. NHS. Published June 8, 2023. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  4. Alcohol Use: What It Means for Men with Enlarged Prostate. MINT. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  5. Parsons J, et al. Alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. Published October 2009. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  6. Macke A, et al. Alcohol and Prostate Cancer: Time to Draw Conclusions. Biomolecules. Published March 1, 2022. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  7. Artificial sweeteners and other sugar substitutes. Mayo Clinic. Published January 10, 2023. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  8. Russo G, et al. Relationship between Dietary Patterns with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Erectile Dysfunction: A Collaborative Review. Nutrients. Published November 19, 2021. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  9. Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. WHO. Published October 26, 2015. Published October 26, 2015. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  10. Enlarged Prostate. Mayo Clinic. Published July 2, 2022. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  11. Song Y, et al. Whole Milk Intake Is Associated with Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality among U.S. Male Physicians. The Journal of Nutrition. Published February 2013. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  12. Noh JW, et al. Association between sodium intake and lower urinary tract symptoms: does less sodium intake have a favorable effect or not? Transl Androl Urol. Published June 2020. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
    13. How to Shrink the Prostate. University of Washington. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  13. Lohsiriwat S, et al. Effect of caffeine on bladder function in patients with overactive bladder symptoms. Urol Ann. Published January 2011. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  14. Terry P, et al. Fatty fish consumption and risk of prostate cancer. Lancet. Published June 2001. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  15. Giacobbe J, et al. The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Metabolites in Pre-Clinical Models of Psychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurological Disorders. Frontiers. Published February 28, 2020. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  16. Bowen P, et al. Role of lycopene and tomato products in prostate health. BBA. Published May 30, 2005. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  17. Katz A, et al. A green and black tea extract benefits urological health in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Ther Adv Urol. Published June 2014. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  18. Cruciferous Vegetables and Cancer Prevention. NIH. Published June 7, 2012. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
  19. Vance T, et al. Dietary Antioxidants and Prostate Cancer: A Review. Nutr Cancer. Published January 1, 2014. URL. Accessed December 11, 2023.
Jillian Foglesong Stabile, MD, FAAFP is a board-certified Family Physician. Since completing her residency training in 2010, she’s been practicing full-scope family medicine in a rural setting. Dr. Foglesong Stabile’s practice includes caring for patients of all ages for preventative care as well as chronic disease management. She also provides prenatal care and delivers babies. Dr. Foglesong Stabile completed a teaching fellowship in 2020 and teaches the family medicine clerkship for one of her local medical schools. Dr. Foglesong Stabile’s favorite thing about family medicine is the variety of patients she sees in her clinical practice.
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